Animal Testing and The Animal Welfare Act - 1417 Words

Many scientists claim that without animal testing, medical breakthroughs and research would not have progressed to where it is today. Some people claim that animals do not have rights and mankind naturally has dominion over them, making it acceptable to use them for scientific experimentation. This is simply not true. Animals can feel pain. They can suffer. One critic of animal testing maintains that pain is an intrinsic evil, and any act that causes pain in any other creature is morally wrong (Andre). A scientist should not be allowed to perform any experiment on an animal that they would not perform on a fellow human being. Animal testing is not only inhumane, it is bad science, and in light of other alternatives, it should have been halted decades ago. Millions of people still labor under the delusion that animal experimentation is the only way to test new medications, cosmetics, and household chemicals for human use. The media, experimenters, universities, and lobbying groups hav e propagated this misconception, arguing for the role animal testing has played in past medical advances and exaggerating the potential for it to lead to new cures (â€Å"Animal Testing†). If people took the time to research the actual tests animals are forced to undergo, they would be appalled by the inhumanity of the whole process. There is only one piece of legislation in the United States that regulates animal testing in laboratories. The Animal Welfare Act, first passed in 1966, has notShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing And The Animal Welfare Act Of 19701844 Words   |  8 Pagesdesperate aliens who are willing to do anything to cross the border or country. In reality, animals [mainly cats, dogs, and mice] are the ones that endure experimentation for the future of mankind. Even though animal testing helped discover treatments for aggressive diseases and safely determined the outcome of mankind, it still sidesteps the fact that animals are their own being, it violates the An imal Welfare Act of 1970, the discovery of humane methods shows it to be beneficial, and the test resultsRead MoreAnimal Experimentation At University College London1685 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction a. Attention getter device: This is a picture of a kitten that was forced to undergo animal experimentation However, this is only one of the 11 at University College London that had part of its skull removed for a three-day round of experiments. The first day involved the kitten being paralyzed as electrodes and probes were put into their brains to be able to measure what they saw. The second day involved a plate being screwed into the skulls of the 11 kittens and they were placedRead MoreAnimal Testing: Alternatives1085 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough animal testing was a main component for the facilitation of medical research in the past, it is no longer necessary due to the option of alternate testing methods. Animals that fall victim to the mercy of animal research are subject to experimentation for the purpose of manufacturing harmless products (McKnight 2). Cell cultures, the MIMIC system, TraumaMan, in vitro, and human volunteers are substitutes for this inhumane procedure (Sul livan 4; â€Å"PCRM Scientists Educate† 10). Animal testing isRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Is Wrong?1687 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of animals and respect them as equals on their shared territory. Animals are not treated as equals and therefore the animals are suffering from the harm that humans are inflicting on them through animal testing experimentation. These acts of animal experimentation have caused a decrease in the number of some species of animals, while others have broken several rights that animals have and are protected under The Animal Welfare Act. Animal experimentation is wrong because people use animals for beautyRead MoreCosmetic History And Facts About The Cosmetic Industry1731 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle: â€Å"Animal Testing and Cosmetics,† the cosmetic industry in the United States is a 56 Billion dollar industry that is governed by four laws with two that govern animal testing. They are the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Fair Pac kaging and Labeling Act, the Animal Welfare Act and the Public Health Service Policy of Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. (FDA.) According to the website Neavs, article: â€Å"Alternatives to Animal Testing and Research,† the Animal Welfare Act is the onlyRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Should Be Banned1426 Words   |  6 Pagesjudged by the way its animals are treated.† - Mahatma Gandhi. These famous words still ring true in today’s society as we struggle to overcome the scientific experimentation on animals. Animals have acted as the archstone of human civilization since the dawn of man, from a source of food, to companionship. However, in the past century, we have been blurring the line between environmental entitlement and environmental rape. Every member of the human race interacts and depends on animals, and we owe themRead MoreAnimal Testing. Brandon Sandlin. Psychology 1010. Professor1437 Words   |  6 Pages Animal Testing Brandon Sandlin Psychology 1010 Professor Caplandies March 24th, 2017 Animal testing has risen as an extremely controversial topic among scientists and animal rights activists. Many see it as a necessary part of finding cures for thousands of diseases. On the other hand, animal rights activists believe it is an inhumane, harsh, and unnecessary flaw in science. The argument can go back and forth but I believe animal testing should not be used in today’s technically advancedRead MoreImportance Of Animal Testing1726 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing: Is it necessary? People take medicine, and they wear makeup. Most people own one or two or maybe more pets. Some people love their pets as if they were their own children. Pets are loved and taken care of. They are rescued and adopted. But do people know that they are treated the opposite in a laboratory? It is estimated that every year, 26 million animals are used for scientific and commercial testing in the United States. There are many reasons animals are used for testing. SomeRead MoreAnimal Experimentation Should Not Be Allowed1631 Words   |  7 Pages100 million animals are poisoned, blinded, and killed every year in the United States in outdated product tests for cosmetics, personal-care products, household-cleaning products, and even fruit juices? It is said that every three seconds an animal dies while being held in laboratories. Animals are living creatures, who deserve to be more than just a science experiment. Animal experimentation should not be allowed. Whether it is called animal testing, animal experimentation or animal researchRead MoreCase Study: The Benefits of Animal Testing Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pagespossible without the use of animal experimentation. Animal testing allows doctors to save countless lives. Without it, Amy along with countless others would die. Animal testing is a largely debated and controversial issue. It was first introduced in the United States in the 1920s (Goldberg 85). Since then, there have been many advances in the field of medicine and science. These advances are due largely to the fact that animals are used in experiments and research.   Animal testing has given doctors some

Life and work in Merthyr Tydfil in the nineteenth century Free Essays

The growth of industry in Merthyr was the main reason for the huge increase in population over a hundred years from 1750 to 1851. The population was estimated at four hundred people for the year 1750,this was just an estimate so we do not know how reliable this is as it is just an estimate and was not an official system. However by 1801 the first census was introduced and this produced an official figure for the population in Merthyr at the time, which was seven thousand people. We will write a custom essay sample on Life and work in Merthyr Tydfil in the nineteenth century or any similar topic only for you Order Now This shows a massive increase in population in just over fifty years. The population continued to rise up until 1851 where it reached forty six thousand people. Source A1 The population of Merthyr Tydfil Year Population 1750 400 1801 7,000 1831 30,000 1851 46,000 The area of Merthyr was ideally situated for an iron works, as the mountains above were inexhaustible sources of Iron ore, coal, limestone, firestone and fire clay. There were several iron works in Merthyr at the time but the ones of Mr.Crawshays were the grandest and largest. The workers earnings averaged à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3 a month. This covered Men, Women and Children. The maximum wage of the workers was nine Guineas, which was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9.45 per month. However this compared to Crawshay was nothing as he was earning a bumper à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½36,000 per annum. These facts and figures come from source A2 from the resource booklet. Rev. George Capper produced the source in a journal of a tour of Wales. This therefore makes the source a very reliable piece of evidence as Reverend George wrote it, who would have been a trustworthy and respected member of society. Also he would have had no reason to adopt a biased view on the subject. The source is very useful to a historian studying the works in Merthyr as it gives information regarding the size of the works and wage structures of the factory. Transport played a major part in the growth of Merthyr as an industrial town. In 1790 plans were put forward to construct a canal, which would go from Merthyr to Cardiff. It cost à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½103,600 and took four years to build. On its completion in February 1794 the canal measured 241/2 miles. The canal allowed raw materials to be transported at a much faster rate than previously, it could also transport a larger amount of goods at a time, compared to the old method of a horse and cart. Source A5(ii) shows how in ten years the use of the canal went from 83,729 tons of coal a year to 211,214 tons of coal a year. The levels of discontent in Merthyr started to rise at the start of the nineteenth century. There were many factors that contributed to this; one of them was truck tokens that were issued to workers as payment. This caused discontent because the tokens could only be spent in the shops, which were owned by the truck companies. The goods were highly priced and poor in quality, this along with a number of other issues including the state of the government at the time eventually led to the start of the riots in Merthyr at the start of the nineteenth century. Source B2 explains how the riot in Merthyr had reached such a point that it would be impossible to stop without the assistance of the military. It also explains what the rioters were doing during the riot, how they had demolished truck shops, the main one being the Morgan Lewis shop. It goes on to say that he thought there were in excess of two thousand people ‘doing all the mischief they can.’ G.Lyndon produced the source in a letter to Samuel Homfray on the 22nd September 1800. It would have been reliable because the letter was taken from the time of the riot, also source B3 is shows a painting of troops arriving in Merthyr which backs up what is said in the letter. The painting is a contemporary painting by Penry Williams. Even though it is a contemporary painting it may not be an entirely reliable source as the artist may have exaggerated the scene, it would have been more reliable if it had been a photo instead of a painting. This would affect the usefulness of the source to an historian studying the events in Merthyr. The usefulness of the letter is that it would have been able to tell historians exactly what was going on in Merthyr at the time and how serious the riots actually were. At the start of the nineteenth radical ideas started to become more popular in Merthyr. They believed that wide scale reforms were needed in Merthyr at the time. These views are put across in source B4, which is part of an anonymous paper, found near Penydarren on 27th January 1817. It talks about the misery of the people of Merthyr and how if changes are not made soon the workers will take the law into their own hands. Source A1 shows the growth in population in Merthyr over a hundred years from 1750 to 1831. Source C1 shows the census of 1851 in detail. The reliability of this source is put into question as it says that the total population in Merthyr in the year 1851 is six thousand, five hundred and twenty eight. If this is compared to source A1, where it states that the population in Merthyr was actually thirty thousand people. Therefore there is a difference of nearly twenty five thousand between each source. This also casts doubt over the reliability of source A1, however in my opinion source I believe that source A1 would be more reliable than source C1 because source A1 supports the fact that Merthyr was booming due to the increasing size of the ironworks at the time. How to cite Life and work in Merthyr Tydfil in the nineteenth century, Essays

Cricket Grounds in Australia Sales of Tickets

Question: Describe about the Sales of Tickets from Cricket Grounds in Australia. Answer: Introduction Sports have been a significant impact on the Australian society and have become an integral part of the economy as well (Hajkowicz et al. 2013). The impact of the sales of the ticket has become the focus of the Australian economy. There has been recent trend, which has shown a growth in the affinity towards the sports particularly for cricket. This taste of the community towards cricket has been greatly influenced by the increasing availability of the spare time in the country. Both the private and public sector have shown an increment in the commitment of the financial resources related to the sporting activities. With the increment in the involvement of the private sector, the monitoring of the ticket sales and funds has become the major concern (Mazzucato 2015). Thus, the monitoring process should be incorporating the evolutionary aspect of the economic return from the public expenditures. The paper deals in making a research proposal in order to measure the impact of the sales of the ticket on the Australian economy. The research aims at providing the base for the research objectives such that to lead the process in an appropriate direction and achieving the goal of the research. Literature review It has been reported that in the year 2003, Cricket Australia had an estimate total revenue collection of $ 87 million (icc-cricket.com 2015). Moreover, the recent event of ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 being hosted by two countries Australia and New Zealand has generated the profit of $ 1.1 billion AUD for Cricket Australia. This has been the direct result of the spending as created by the equivalence of jobs across the two countries. It has been estimate that over 1.5 billion people from have viewed the tournament across the globe. The ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 has been the most popular event that has ever being played (icc-cricket.com 2015). The venues were world class and had been attended by more spectators from around the world. According to the Sports Minister of Australia, the World Cup organizers had been ensuring the greatest spectacle of cricket for the fans while maximizing the trade opportunities and the tourism sector of both the countries. Information impacts and requirements on the Australian economy According to Schgner et al. (2013), the current practice for evaluating the economics of the ticketing sales related to the sporting events, needs to be assessed by the impact of the events on the GDP of the country hosting the events. Shibli (2015) postulated that the economic impact of the cricket events being hosted at the various grounds all over the country, is required to be focusing on the money being thrusted in the economy by the visitors, investors, banks and external entities related to the sporting events. According to the reports related to the various cricket grounds in Australia, Perth cricket ground has been estimated to be attracting more spectators. Moreover, the ground is also capable of generating more revenues as compared to the other circlet grounds including Sydney and Melbourne circlet grounds (wa.gov.au 2016). Research questions Is there any specific change in the sales of the tickets for cricket over the years? What is the contribution of games like cricket on the development of the economy of the country? How the sale of the tickets varies from the international to domestic matches in the country? Research methodology The research methodology deals in identifying the various tools and techniques related to the conduction of the research process. The research student needs to implement the descriptive design along with the incorporation of the primary and secondary approach. This approach would be helping in the acquisition of useful information related to the research project. Moreover, the research also requires the implementation of both the quantities technique and qualitative technique which should be related to the primary data collection method. Research approach The research process needs to implement the positivism research approach which could be helpful in identifying the impact of the sporting events like cricket on the economy of Australia. The research also requires incorporating the deductive approach which could be helping in reducing down on the resource consumption during the conduction of the research process. This approach would also be helping in reducing down the costs and time for conducting the research process. Data collection The data collection process for the research process requires the acquisition of data from the list of sample respondents related to the research topic based on the survey questionnaires being set in the paper. The collection of the relevant and useful information includes the two most important techniques including the quantitative and the qualitative research techniques (Walter and Andersen 2013). The research study should be conducting the data collection process from the primary sources of data. These sources of responses should be selected by the random sampling of the respondents. The primary sources of data include the employees and workers who have been working in the industry for Cricket Australia including the membership services clubs, agencies, committees and counters of the ground stadiums. Data analysis The data analysis also requires analyzing the information being collected during the data collection method by the application of charts and diagram in an effective way. According to Ward and Bailey (2013), the process would be helping in executing the analysis with the help of the time analysis series. Research outcome The impact of the ticketing sales and the sporting events on the Australian economy has been a matter of debate, which is influencing both the public and private sectors in the country. The trend is influenced by the growing affinity of the communities towards the sporting events particularly cricket. The research proposal deals in evaluating the impact of the cricket events on the Australian economy based on the sale of tickets from the different cricket grounds all across the country. The research study would also be helping in checking the sales of the tickets, which should be varying over the years. The proposal would be helpful for the researchers to conduct further research on the topic based on the literature being inscribed in the paper. References Hajkowicz, S. A., Cook, H., Wilhelmseder, L., and Boughen, N. 2013. The Future of Australian Sport: Megatrends shaping the sports sector over coming decades. A Consultancy Report for the Australian Sports Commission. icc-cricket.com. 2015.ICC Cricket World Cup 2015 gives economic boost to Australia and New Zealand.https://www.icc-cricket.com. Retrieved 22 June 2016, from https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/2015/media-releases/88460/icc-cricket-world-cup-2015-gives-economic-boost-to-australia-and-new-zealand Mazzucato, M. 2015.The entrepreneurial state: Debunking public vs. private sector myths. Anthem Press. Schgner, J. P., Brander, L., Maes, J., and Hartje, V. 2013. Mapping ecosystem services' values: Current practice and future prospects.Ecosystem Services,4, 33-46. Shibli, S. 2015.Performance analysis in sport and leisure management(Doctoral dissertation, Sheffield Hallam University). wa.gov.au. 2016.Static.ourstatebudget.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 22 June 2016, from https://static.ourstatebudget.wa.gov.au/16-17/factsheets/perth-stadium.pdf Walter, M. and Andersen, C. 2013.Indigenous statistics: A quantitative research methodology. Left Coast Press. Ward, J. and Bailey, D. 2013. A participatory action research methodology in the management of self-harm in prison.Journal of mental health,22(4), pp.306-316.

Stalin`s Purges Essays - GermanySoviet Union Relations, Soviet Union

Stalin`s Purges Less than a month before Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II, he signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin. Less than two years later, he broke the pact and invaded the Soviet Union in the early morning hours of June 22, 1941. There were plenty of evidence for German aggression before the war broke out, yet Stalin nevertheless signed the pact which contained the secret protocol that divided Poland between Germany and the Soviet Union. The reason for signing the pact were complex, yet one of the most important ones were the domestic factors. Among them, the terrible effect of the purges during the 1930s on the population, economy and especially the army. The purges were set off on December 1, 1934 with the murder of Sergei Kirov. He was a member of the Politburo, leader of the Leningrad party apparatus and had considerable influence in the ruling elite. His concern for the workers in Leningrad and his skill as an orator earned him considerable popularity. Stalin used his murder as a pretext for launching a broad purge that would claim hundreds of thousands of victims and have lasting repercussion felt to this day. Stalin never visited Leningrad again and directed one of his most vicious post-War purges against the city -- Russia's historic window to the West. No segment of the society was left untouched by the purges. Anyone who caused the slightest suspicion was removed and numerous legislature was enacted to help enforce them. In 1935 a law was passed which lowered the age of criminal responsibility. That meant the death penalty could be applied to twelve-year-old children (McCauley, p.93). There was also a panic response in the primary party organizations to expel and "expose" people in order to protect oneself and to show "vigilance" (Getty, p.213) The slaughter of armed forces began on 12 June 1937 when Tukhachevsky and some top army men were executed, then spread to lower ranks and then to political comissars. The nave was completely decapitated, all eight admirals perishing. Here's a grave list of the top dead: " 3 out of 5 marshals, 14 out of 16 Army commanders Class I and II, 8 out of 8 Admirals, 60 out of 67 Corps Commanders, 136 out of 199 Divisional Commanders, 221 out of 397 Brigade Commanders" (McCauley, p.95) In November 1939, Stalin ordered an attack on Finland to move the frontier further away from Leningrad after the Finns did not agree to the concessions Soviets offered. This expedition was a complete fiasco. It cost the already decimated Red Army around 200,000 dead and more were wounded, while only 23,000 Finns died (McCauley, p.101). A peace treaty was signed on 12 March, 1940, but the incompetence and weakness of the Red Army was revealed to the rest of the world. This is something Hitler filed it away for future use. After that, and faced with increasing German aggression, Stalin could not risk being embroiled in a war. Hitler was in a great hurry. An attack on Poland was scheduled for late August. By the end of July the Nazis realized that they must reach agreement with the Soviets very soon if these plans were to be safely implemented. Hitler agreed to pay the Soviet price for a pact. The public text of the Nazi-Soviet Pact was simply an agreement of nonaggression and neutrality, referring as a precedent to the German-Soviet neutrality pact of 1926 (Berlin Treaty). The real agreement was in a secret protocol which in effect partitioned not only Poland (along the line of the Vistula), but much of Eastern Europe. To the Soviets were allotted Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Bessarabia; to the Nazis, everything to the West of these regions, including Lithuania. Each of the two signatories was to ask the other no questions about the disposition of its own ''sphere of interest." This nonaggression pact, coupled with the trade treaty and arrangements for large-scale exchange of raw materials and armaments, amounted to an alliance. Appeasement in Eastern Europe would deflect German aggression to the west. Taking into account the disastrous condition of Russian forces brought about from within and the severe problems of the economy, this was necessary for Stalin. In a way, by signing the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, he was buying as much time as possible to try prepare for the inevitable. The inevitable happened on June 22, 1941. Molotov broke to the Russian people the grim news about the German attack. Stalin, as if embarrassed by the disastrous collapse of his

RHO KAPPA LEADERSHIP APPLICATIONDavid Pham Tran Essays - Free Essays

RHO KAPPA LEADERSHIP APPLICATIONDavid Pham Tran Essays - Free Essays RHO KAPPA LEADERSHIP APPLICATIONDavid Pham Tran Somebody who can be organized, responsible, and committed should fill the Secretary position, I believe that I can be that person. Other than having the qualities listed above, I can be very direct and outspoken when I need to address important things, which can come in handy in the organization. I am best fit for this position because I have had a similar experience to a secretary's job in previous years. I have been the manager for Park View swim team since sophomore year and I have had to arrange schedules and make sure everyone does their job. Any officer of RHO KAPPA should definitely be able to balance their schoolwork, extracurricular activities, club activities, and personal life and still be able to complete their task as an officer. I can do that because I am, currently, involved in many school activities such as SCA, Student Power, NHS, NAHS and Global Ambassadors, as well as keeping up good grades in my classes and my job as a server at the same time. Being RHO KAPPA's Secretary is one of the opportunities that I have always wanted because it can give me the experience necessary for college. This position can also give me a chance to improve my teamwork because the Secretary is the main connection of the organization, therefore, I have to work well with both the officers and the members. I have had opportunities to experience leadership positions throughout my high school years, for instance, I was the Treasurer for National Art Honor Society. Being RHO KAPPA's Secretary would be a great addition. I am always open to new challenges and outlets.

Political Science Syria Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Science Syria Government - Essay Example However, this was not the case because in a rare show of unity between the Republicans and Democrats, there was widespread opposition to any strikes against the Syrian government, or any direct involvement of the United States in the conflict, hence ensuring that the government remains accountable to the American people. The fact that there was widespread opposition to United States involvement in Syria from both parties is a true statement of the sensitivity towards this issue that the American public feels (McDonnell). In a rare instance of unity, the representatives of both parties seem to have, almost unanimously, chosen to set an agenda that represents the true feelings of their constituents, who are for the most part weary of war. In fact, polls showed that the United States should stop concentrating on the solving of external conflicts and instead concentrate on solving the growing number of problems on the domestic scene. Despite the seeming unity of the two parties concernin g Syria, the fact has all along remained that the United States government does not have a clear policy concerning Syria and this is perhaps the reason why the conflict has continued for the last two years. This conflict has, however, also created a situation where it has become difficult for the United States to deal with the diverse consequences such as the development of the refugee problem (Sly). It is more likely than not that the continuation of the Syrian conflict will create a refugee problem, as Syrian refugees seek to settle in the United States. The fact that Syrian refugees will likely seek asylum in the United States has become a worrying subject in both parties and this is likely to be another issue which will unite the Democrats and the Republicans in a bipartisan way. In addition, the Syrian war has caused the allies of the United States in the region, such as Turkey and Jordan to have an influx of refugees which has created a sad situation in these countries (Araabi ). The fact that the Democrats and the Republicans, despite proving that they can work together, have yet to coordinate their efforts to come up with a clear policy concerning Syria, which should involve the ouster of the Syrian government and president, is most disturbing. The United States Congress should put pressure on the government to ensure that it creates a clear policy that will enable the bringing the Syrian conflict to a conclusive end that will provide lasting peace for the Syrian people. Both the Democrats and the Republicans believe that the Assad regime has lost its mandate to rule over the Syrian people and because of this, it must go. This has been a standing position of both of these parties since the beginning of the conflict, but despite this, there has yet to develop a clear means through which the Assad regime can be ousted (Kostyaev 54). In addition, both parties have found that the continued rule of the Assad regime will be detrimental to the refugee situatio n in the country. This is mainly because of the fact that there will be an increase, not

Modern Ethical Theory or Pragmatism ( choose one) Research Paper

Modern Ethical Theory or Pragmatism ( choose one) - Research Paper Example These theories have in turn been relied upon heavily in determining the parameters of ethical and moral conduct across different cultures and under different circumstances. These theories draw from the ideas of great moral philosophers like John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, David Hume among others. Hume vs Kant vs Mill: Their different views on ethics and morality. By giving their views, all moral philosophers aim at describing the best standard of moral and ethical conduct. However, there normally arises a dilemma on which ethical theory should be applied because of the variations in how different philosophers view ethics and morality. These variations raise important questions in the approach to ethical problems and one of the key questions is the question of absolute good or relative good. Mill for example, takes a utilitarian view to ethics and morality. From such a view, the moral worth of human actions are determined by their resultant outcome (Shaw 32). Mill’s view of et hics and morality maximises overall pleasure by all available means. This means that the nature of an action is not a major issue of concern but its final outcome. This view therefore gives room for the breaking of some moral rules if this breaking increases happiness. Its main advantage is that it allows actions to be judged in a way that yields fairness to the greatest population. For example, it is unlawful, unethical and morally unjustifiable to kill another person. However, utilitarianism allows for the breaking of this rule in the case of self-defence either by civilians or police officers facing a dangerous criminal. Killing one dangerous criminal is less painful that one dangerous criminal killing many people. This action maximises happiness. In summary, this view of ethics and morality argues that the end justifies the means. Such a view of ethics and morality therefore considers the relative good of actions and not their absolute good. It avoids judgement of actions from e xtremists’ point of view which in many cases, leads to the suffering of many people. Its main disadvantage is that it does not consider the nature of human actions or the intentions behind them hence it can be used as a justification for wrong doings by some people. Kant holds to an opposing view to Mill in regard ethics and morality. According to Kant, the nature and not the result of human actions determine their moral worth. He argued that a good will is the only good thing and therefore, the will or the motive of the actor is the only factor that determines the moral worth of an action (Kant 97). This is a deontological view whereby ethical and moral actions are seen as the duty or obligations of every person towards other members of the society. The advantage of this view lies in its fairness. That is, human actions are judged depending on the extend to which they adhere to existing moral and ethical rules. It considers the absolute goodness of human actions hence it doe s not give room for the breaking of some rules. The main disadvantage to such a view is that it does not consider the role played by external pressures/factors in driving human actions. For example, no one can wait to be slaughtered like a sheep by another person holding a knife. The reaction will be to defend oneself by all means including hitting the attacker. If it happens that they die, the person who killed should be let free because they never intended to kill. The disadvantage of this