The Causes Of Veteran Homelessness - 2513 Words

The United States of America rests on the shoulders of our brave men and women. It is unfortunate that once a soldier returns home, he or she has the strong likelihood that a roof, four walls, and a job will not be waiting. It is the responsibility of the people of this great nation to provide the support that these veterans need to survive in this world; they would help us survive in theirs. If goals are put in place and there is enough effort and power backing up the motor of these goals, then accomplishing an end to veteran homelessness will occur. This paper will examine the causes of veteran homelessness and how to cease and prevent veteran homelessness from happening and reoccurring. According to the National Student Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessness, as of 2014, 13.2% of the American population was homeless. Additionally, it was found that another 3.5 million people were strained to finding shelter in parks, under bridges, or sleeping in cars. Of this 13.2%, 23% of thos e suffering were United States veterans. The reason as to why veterans become homeless is due to war-related disabilities, such as physical disabilities, mental detriment, posttraumatic stress disorder, and an inability to reorganize themselves back into civilian life, noted in â€Å"Homeless Veterans: Perspectives on Social Services Use.† In April of 2008, the U.S. Department of Labor released the unemployment rates of those who served in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001 and the percentage ofShow MoreRelatedHomelessness Is A Problem Of Homelessness1610 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness is a monster. Each day, there are people on the streets suffering from homelessness. These unsheltered people litter the streets, and plead for help. There are different types of homelessness, but the most monstrous is chronic. The chronically homeless are left to endure the hardships of homelessness without hope of an effective solution. Americans disregard all homeless populations, but the m ost heart wrenching group that is disregarded is the veterans. The veteran homelessness problemRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness Among Veterans1566 Words   |  7 PagesHomelessness among veterans is a highly disregarded issue that doesn’t seem to be improving on its own. In many cases, homelessness is out of the veteran’s control, so the question that is being asked is; why so many veterans are homeless and what can everyone, including the veterans, can do about this significant and overlooked problem. This question is essential to finding the solution since it looks at this situation from both sides of the problem: It not only finds ways that the noncombatantsRead MoreHomeless Veterans Are Becoming More Prevalent Of The United States886 Words   |  4 PagesINTRODUCTION American homeless veterans are becoming more prevalent in the United States. Research will show that American veterans are an overrepresented population among the homeless in the U.S. A homeless veteran is an individual who lives on the streets, in abandoned buildings, vehicles, encampments, shelters, or transitional housing (Veterans Today, 2013). As a matter of fact, homeless veterans do not have a permanent residence under their control. Homelessness in general includes those whoRead MoreVeterans : The Homeless Veterans1245 Words   |  5 PagesVeterans Homelessness United States veterans have risked their lives in order to give us all the freedom we have today, yet they are struggling in the society we have today and are forced to live on the streets. One major issue in our world today is the increasing number of how many veterans are homeless. After researching I have found the five most commonly discussed topics in this subject are; the number of homeless veterans in the whole United States, the different causes of veterans homelessnessRead MoreThe Disgrace of Veteran Homelessness Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthe strongest military. Yet even America falls prey to a social ill that plagues every society, that of the homelessness of its citizens. Shamefully of those homeless 23% are reported to be veterans, although the actual numbers may be much larger (Coalition for the Homeless). These soldiers gave of themselves for their country and now annually more than 500,000 of them experience homelessness (National Coalition for the Homeless). It is a disgraceful fact that in the greatest country in the world,Read MoreThe Problem Of Homeless People1280 Words   |  6 PagesWhen thinking of homeless people, one would probably think of a bum who is an addict or alcoholic. Homelessness affects a variety of people. Homelessness as an issue in today s society is largely ignored. The problem of homelessness is barely noticed. The growing population of homeless people is shown that more people are still suffering financial problems and struggling in maintaining their life basis. Many families and children have experienced trauma prior to becoming homeless. Parents areRead MoreHomelessness Among Veterans of the U.S. Military Essay1247 Words   |  5 PagesContributing Factors The presence of additional risk for homelessness specifically associated with Veteran status is puzzling in that it occurs among a population that shows better outcomes on almost all socioeconomic measures and that has exclusive access to an extensive system of benefits that include comprehensive healthcare services, disability and pension assistance, and homeless services (Fargo, et al, 24). In spite of having many advantages, veterans over-represent in the homeless population. The questionRead MoreHomeless in The United States 1309 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is a problem that happens in many different countries around the world. Definitions of homelessness are defined in different meanings by different people. However, the Stewart B. McKinney Act defines a homeless person as â€Å" one who lacks a fixed permanent nighttime residence or whose nighttime residence is a temporary shelter, welfare hotel, or any public or private place not designed as sleeping accommodations for human beings† (McNamara 1025). It is impossible to find out exactly theRead MoreHomelessness : Extreme Poverty And The Urban Housing Crisis913 Words   |  4 PagesHomelessness has affected many individuals throughout the United States and the world. On, 2014 the National Alliance to End Homelessness collected that â€Å"578,424 people experiencing homelessness on any given night in t he United States (â€Å"Snapshot of Homelessness). Most individuals believe that more individuals are single, but â€Å"216,197 are people in families,† and â€Å"362,163 are individuals,† (â€Å"Snapshot of Homelessness). Homelessness affects everyone, from families to individuals and veterans. In theRead MoreHomeless Veterans: The Fight at Home1367 Words   |  5 PagesHomeless Veterans: The Fight at Home Every night more than sixty-five thousand veterans are looking for a place to lay their heads, they are homeless. For over a decade these men and women of our armed forces have been returning home from the conflicts overseas; each year their presence in the homeless community has increased significantly. The reintegration from a structured military lifestyle to a lax civilian life can make adjusting difficult for service members. These men and women, who have

Essay The Aftermath of Residential Schools - 760 Words

Aboriginal people in Canada are the native peoples in North America within the boundaries of present-day Canada. In the 1880’s there was a start of residential schools which took Aboriginal kids from their family to schools to learn the Roman Catholics way of culture and not their own. In residential schools Aboriginal languages were forbidden in most operations of the school, Aboriginal ways were abolished and the Euro-Canadian manner was held out as superior. Aboriginal’s residential schools are careless, there were mental and physical abuse, Aboriginals losing their culture and the after effects of residential schools. For more than a century, well over 100,000 Aboriginal children attended the schools, jointly run by Ottawa and†¦show more content†¦In this article, Professor King says loss of culture, land and language all play a part in poor health. Having an identity, he says, is especially important for mental health. As for example, many native children in Canada were taken from their families and sent to live at the residential schools. They were educated in the european system, they never had a normal chance to develop a cultural identity. The schools’ so-called purpose was to provide education for native children. But the real purpose was to eliminate native culture from Canada. As Reverend A.E. Caldwell of his school in 1938 said â€Å"The problem with the Indians is one of morality and religion. They lack the basic fundamentals of civilized thought and spirit, which explains their childlike nature and behavior. At our school we strive to turn them into mature Christians who will learn how to behave in the world and surrender their barbaric way of life and their treaty rights, which keep them trapped on their land and in a primitive existence. Only then will the Indian problem in our country be solved.† Caldwell view of aboriginal culture and how they should be assimilated to the european culture is how most min isters of the schools thought about native culture. Students were forbidden to speak their language or practice their culture, and were often punished for doing so. All these awful acts at residential schools made natives suffer lossShow MoreRelatedEssay on Canadian National Identity: Native Canadians853 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcome were residential schools, a tragic and critical part of Canadian history. The first government operated residential school opened in the late 1870s with the main objective to assimilate all Aboriginal culture. It was thought that by discarding their heritage, it would civilize them to the modern society. By 1920, there were more than fifty residential schools operating throughout the country and it was made mandatory for children ages four to six to attend these schools which seemed toRead MoreThe Aboriginal Peoples Of Canada1404 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture of Aboriginal education. By taking a look at the past, anyone can see that the right to education for Aboriginal peoples has been fought about as early as the 1870s. This is still is a pressing issue today. Elder teachings, residential, reserve and post-secondary schools have all been concerning events of the past as well as the present. Though education has improved for the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, there are still many concerns and needs of reconciliation for the past to improve the futureRead M oreThe Residential Schools And Social Deviance1288 Words   |  6 PagesSOCIOLOGY THE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL SYSTEM Examine and explain the link(s) between Residential schools and social deviance. Imagine. Can you imagine being part of a culture within a country that supported assimilation of your people? That your rights and freedoms were taken away, your land was taken and you were given parcels to live on, removed from your sources of food through hunting and fishing and not supported by the government that stole it from you? Finally, when you feel there is nothingRead MoreRice s Book Legacy Is Written Differently Than Many Others1488 Words   |  6 Pageshow each of the siblings coped with this death. Some turned to alcohol, while another goes away to school and one of the siblings turns to the help of elders in her community and became very involved with learning more about their culture and their past. Besides the death of their parents and sister, the siblings reflect on how times were rough for many aboriginal families due to residential schools. Although the story reflects the tragedy this family endured, it ends with a shocking section whichRead MoreMaus A nd Eden Robinsons Monkey Beach Post Memory1399 Words   |  6 Pageshardships due to Residential Schools. Through the use of historical references, relationships and evoking emotion in the reader, Eden Robinson’s narrative better exemplifies how individuals of second generation trauma use the experience of post memory to connect with the reader when compared to Spiegelman’s Maus. Throughout Monkey Beach the disturbing reality of the oppression of Haisla people is confronted. At the heart of the historical background is the issue of the residential school system, an instrumentRead MoreGender Diversity In Canada778 Words   |  4 Pageslimiting native influence in Canadian politics. It started with the Indian Act of 1876 which placed many restriction on the native population. The act assisted with the creation of the residential schools and violated many fundamental democracy rights. Although Canada has recovered from it’s dark history, the aftermath is still affecting the native communities. The globe Mail reported the Aboriginal only represented 2.3 % of house of parliament in 2011(). With the election Mary McCullum the numberRead MoreThree Day Road And Criminal Justice1743 Words   |  7 Pagesfeared that peace would never return because the men of the country had been so brutalized by the war, and that they would never be able to settle into life as it used to be (Lawrence, 2003). Though the state of affairs in Britain quieted down, the aftermath of war is always a factor for those involved. Countries involved with war must be able to meet the needs of returning soldiers. For example, many soldiers suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If Canada became involved in military combatRead MoreThe Legacy Of Residential Schools1849 Words   |  8 PagesThe legacy that residential schools left behind in Canada was not a positive one. Residential schools, up until the day that the last one closed in 1996, were supported and funded by the Canadian government. The aboriginals who attended these schools were treated unethically, and, as a result, the Aboriginals had many bitter feelings of resentment towards everyone else living in Canada. The immoral treatment of the First Nations people by the Canadian government severely impacted relations betweenRead MoreKill The Indian Save The Man Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesAfte r reading Kill the Indian, Save the Man: The Genocidal Impact of American Indian Residential Schools by Ward Churchill, I have come to realization of some matters. First of all, while your goal might had been to civilize the Indians by teaching them English, manners, and change their whole appearance, the outcome was totally different. Your goal might have been successful to you, in the end you got what you wanted: to kill the Indian and Save the Man. But also, you stole those kid’s identitiesRead MoreWGU-community health task 41400 Words   |  6 Pageshave a higher poverty rate at 7.7% while males have a poverty rate at 5.5%. The highest poverty was among children 18 years old at 9.3% and the lowest was for people 65 years and older ay 5.5%. In 2009 526 students in Chesterfield County Public Schools were homeless or without a permanent address which was a 45% rise from the previous year (2013 Chesterfield County Income and Poverty Report, 2013). The unemployment rate for Chesterfield County residents in 2012 was 5.3%. 1.2% of households received

Textual Analysis and International Financial Reporting

Question: Discuss about the Textual Analysis and International Financial Reporting. Answer: Introduction The present assignment states the financial reporting analysis based on two Australian listed companies, Woolworths Limited and Wesfarmers Limited. The required analysis has been done based on the annual reports of latest financial year. The companies are strong competitor and engaged in the business of retail industry specialising in the sale of various products. The present report consists of discussion on conceptual framework compliance and AASB standards for recognizing and representing financial information for the benefit of stakeholders. The study also covers the concept of prudence level by considering the corporate reporting disparity together with the identification of disclosure differences in the companys financial information. Woolworths Limited, second largest Australian retailing company was founded in 1924 operates its business in Australia, New Zealand and India. The organisation is ASX listed with a present value around $30.2 billion and operating income $1.6 billion[1]. It has been noted that the company has employees capacity of around 202,000 that operates in approximately 3800 Australian region. The company is involved in Australian food as well as petrol retailing business with $ 39.4 million revenue consists of two- third of total sales[2]. Wesfarmers Limited is considered as largest conglomerate company in Australia which was founded in 1914. The company is listed on Australian Stock Exchange with a value of around $40.4 billion and operating income $3.6 billion with 205,000 number of employees strength. The major business of the organisation associates with the supermarkets in full- service, liquor shops, hotels as well as fuel stores[3]. Conceptual framework compliance and requirements of AASB standards Conceptual framework means analytical model which incorporates certain variations and standards to recognize and represent financial information to measure the companys performance and financial position. Australian companies are regulated by the standards of AASB in terms of nature, time and extent of companys financial information. The standards of conceptual framework involves recognition of financial information based on the level of prudence, accrual system and going concern to measure the assets, liabilities and report the incomes and expenses[4]. The major requirement of conceptual framework involves accrual basis as well as going concern for measuring the companys sustainability and accountable profitability. In view of the financial report of Woolworths Limited, the company followed accrual method and going concern method to reflect the changes in earnings[5]. Disclosure of consolidation income, sales value for group business before and after tax represents compliance of principles of accounting. Amount of consolidation profit $2,146 million has been determined by incorporating relevant standards and principles[6]. Similarly, for recognizing the amount of dividend paid and payable, interim dividend has been reported in the income statement whereas final dividend reported in the financial position statement (refer appendix 1 and 2). The major element of conceptual framework associates with the level of prudence, reliability and relevance to present the financial statements in true and fair manner. It is essential to incorporate the financial information and disclosures as per the materiality and relevance so that the reliable performance information can be determined by the users of financial statements. Preparation of financial statements involves prudence level which provides that the company should maintain conservative approach while recognizing the business incomes and expenses. Conceptual framework requires that the incomes should not be overestimated while expenses should not be underestimated since it would reflect the unrealistic profitability[7]. Considering the annual report of Wesfarmers Limited, it can be said that the company followed the conceptual framework requirements. The amount of incomes and expenditures has been recognized by following the accrual method and prudence level that reflected the transparent and fair value of companys performance (refer appendix 3). Subsidiary companies accounting has been conducted by following the AASB standards to recognize the foreign currency and related translation to the currency of Australia (refer appendix 4). To present the disclosure on organisational material future events has been reported in accordance with the group estimates and relevant accounting policies[8]. Segment information has been represented and disclosed as per AASB standards to provide information of business activities as per geographical region and different business segments (refer appendix 5). Prudence level addressing the disparity in Corporate Reporting In order to prepare the financial statements, compliance of prudence level is essential for making reasonable estimates and judgments to report the incomes, expenditures and future losses. It is important to consider that income should not be overestimated and expenses should not be underestimated so that the financial statements reflect true amount of profit. Corporate reporting includes reporting of business information, relevant disclosures together with the reporting of corporate governance as well as corporate social responsibility[9]. In order to present the corporate governance report, it is important to incorporate the directors contribution, management performance and regulatory compliance. The statement of corporate governance of Woolworths Limited presents equity shareholding information together with the information on largest shareholding (refer appendix 6)[10]. Besides, corporate governance report of Wesfarmers represented an overview on business values, shareholders in formation, compliance frameworks and responsibilities of organisational board members. It has been noted that the company reported the management of water use and process of recycling that helps in reducing the waste products resulting in production increase[11]. Identification of differences in corporation disclosures Certain differences have been identified in the financial statements of both the companies with respect to the conceptual framework. The financial report of Woolworths Limited represents specific disclosure on the business risk, which was not disclosed in the financial report of Wesfarmers. Financial statements of Wesfarmers disclosed five years financial history while Woolworths reported capital management as well as space rollout plan. While considering the estimates and judgements to determine the value of business finances, Woolworths Limited considered historical records along with the prevailing market records. Besides[12], Wesfarmers used the future event bases to consider the estimates and judgements of incomes and expenses as well as valuation of certain assets and provisions[13]. Wesfarmers Limited presented detailed information with respect to the capital management fund activities for proceeds as well as borrowings along with the information on discontinued operations. Ho wever, financial report of Woolworths does not contain such information in a specific report for the current financial year. Segment reporting disclosure reflected difference in both the organisations annual report, though compliance of AASB standards has been made. Woolworths Limited represented segment information disclosure on the basis of operating segment and geographical details together with the disclosure of material information[14]. On the contrary, Wesfarmers Limited represented description in terms of product and geographical facts. Woolworths Limited measured the business expenditures as well as contingent provisions on the basis of fair value whereas Wesfarmers Limited measured the transactions based on historical records. Woolworths Limited reported dividend amount for ordinary shares, DRP shares and shares under Treasury in specific report. Besides, information for dividend paid and payable by Wesfarmers had been reported in the income statement and balance sheet as proposed and balance for franking credit during the financial year. Recommendation As per the above discussion on compliance of regulatory frameworks of accounting and conceptual framework for selected companies, it can be recommended the management should follow appropriate accounting disclosures for business information. It is further recommended that the companies should follow a standard format to report and represent the financial information which is not present in the annual report of Wesfarmers. In addition, the companies are recommended to consider the mandatory regulations for reflecting the material business risk, capital management and borrowings. Since, the information helps the users in evaluating the performance of the companies for investment and business decisions, it is important to reflect the accountable and transparent information. Wesfarmers Limited is recommended to represent the segment information by stating the geographical statistics, product and service details and information on business operation. Woolworths limited is recommended to c onsider the future events for estimates and judgements instead of historical records as it represents fair and reasonable information. Conclusion In view of the analysis of financial statements and other statutory reports of both the organisations, it can be said that the companies complied the regulations of accounting standards. Regulations of conceptual framework and AASB standards have been considered while reporting the material disclosures. The companies followed the relevant norms for reporting on corporate social responsibility and corporate governance for the benefit of community and stakeholders. For the purpose of recognizing and representing the business information in true and fair manner, it is essential to follow the accrual basis, level of prudence and going concern. The companies followed the relevant accounting principles to present the financial data during the financial year for measuring the business performance level and financial position values. Reference List Depoers, F., Jeanjean, T. and Jrme, T., 2016. Voluntary disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions: Contrasting the carbon disclosure project and corporate reports.Journal of Business Ethics,134(3), pp.445-461. Guerreiro, M.S., Rodrigues, L.L. and Craig, R., 2015. Institutional change of accounting systems: the adoption of a regime of adapted International Financial Reporting Standards.European Accounting Review,24(2), pp.379-409. Lang, M. and Stice-Lawrence, L., 2015. Textual analysis and international financial reporting: Large sample evidence.Journal of Accounting and Economics,60(2), pp.110-135. Wesfarmers.com.au. 2016.Home. [online] Available at:https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/[Accessed 30 Nov. 2016]. Woolworths 2016.Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. Available at:https://www.woolworths.com.au/[Accessed 30 Nov. 2016]. Xu, X. and Gursoy, D., 2015. A conceptual framework of sustainable hospitality supply chain management.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,24(3), pp.229-259.

Parental involvement and students engagement in school activities free essay sample

In any given classroom and school activity of relatively extended duration and complexity, students’ engagement is never homogeneously high and productive, but rather it fluctuates depending on a number of factors (Mcwayne et al. , 2012; Mattingly et al. , 2013) such as parental involvement (Ho Williams, 2008; McNeal, 2009; Jose et al. , 2010;). Students engage better in school when parents play a positive role in their learning process (Jackson, 2010; 2011; Green et al. , 2012). Students are more likely to make a personal commitment to engage in rigorous learning when they know parents care about how well they do (Kilgore, Snyder Lentz, 2008; Keyes, 2010). However, despite the crucial role of parents, studies in relation to their involvement remain scarce. Students’ low engagement with academic activities is considered the main reason for dissatisfaction (Kuh, 2009), negative experience, and dropping out of school (LinnenbrinkPintrich, 2009; Jimmerson, Campos Greif, 2010). One of the contributory factors is the level of parents’ positive interference to the academic journey of the school (Brookmeyer, FantiHenrich, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Parental involvement and students engagement in school activities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More significantly, most findings show positive relationship between parental involvement and students’ engagement in school and in the classroom (Dauber Epstein, 2008; Gorard, Rees Fevre, 2009;Cotton, 2011;Fantuzzo et al. , 2012). Nevertheless, the understanding of parental involvement is largely limited to U.S. and Western studies. In the Philippines, poor student engagement and inclination to take prohibited drugsand other delinquent behaviors are attributed to parents who have no enough time for their children’s academic difficulties (Catsambit, 2009; Castro et al. , 2012). Teachers and other education stakeholders would like to see parents more involved with school activities of their children (Gonzalez et al. , 2007). Despite this urgency, a significant number of cases of students’ lack of engagement in school such as cutting classes, tardiness, absenteeism and mediocre compliance of performance tasks and subject requirements continue to proliferate (Aaron Skakun, 2009). In addition, students’ poor engagement does not just lead them to superficial knowledge acquisition of lessons but also to deviant behaviors such as gangsterism (HamrePianta, 2007; Engle Conant, 2008; Fredicks et al. , 2011). According to Dr. Villaneda A. Olang, Baganga South District Public School Supervisor, National Achievement Test scores among elementary students were low due to poor student engagement in school. Cutting classes among these students were rampant which resulted to loss of learning motivation and incidence of drop outs increased. Further, she said that students were usually forced to help their parents in livelihood activities to augment family income. Therefore, it is in this context that the researcher got interested to conduct this research in order to determine whether family involvement predicts student engagement in Baganga, Davao Oriental. As both parental involvement and student engagement are common factors in successful relationships in a school community, looking at these variables, a number of studies have been done on student engagement and its different components as well as studies done on parental involvement. A research finding emphasizes that parental involvement in children’s learning makes the greatest difference to student achievement (Harris and Goodall, 2008). However, student motivation as an academic outcome of parental involvement has only recently been explored and investigated (Gonzales-Dettass, Willems and Doan-Holbein 2005), but there has been no specific research showing how this relationship is significant. Hence, the researcher took interest to present some specific types to determine the relationship between these variables. It only shows that the present study can give specific contribution to the field of education and generates new knowledge in student engagement to change parent’s practices in school. Statement of the Problem The main thrust of this study was to determine the relationship between parental involvement and student engagement in Baganga, Davao Oriental. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1. What is the extent of the parental involvement in terms of: 1. 1 Parenting 1. 2 Communicating 1. 3 Volunteering 1. 4 Learning at Home 1. 5 Decision-making 1. 6 Collaborating? 2. What is the level of student engagement in terms of: 2. 1 Academic Challenge 2. 2 Student-Faculty Interactions 2.  3 Active and Collaborative Learning 2. 4 Enriching Educational Experiences 2. 5 Supportive Campus Environment 3. Is there a significant relationship between parental involvement and student engagement? 4. Which domain of the parental involvement best predicts student engagement? Hypothesis This study tested the following hypothesis: 1. There is no significant relationship between parental involvement and student engagement. 2. No domain of Parental involvement signifi cantly predicts student engagement. Review of Related Literature This section presents various views, arguments, theories and findingsfrom research and publications which are relevant in establishing the essence of this study. The first part of the review discusses parental involvement which includes parenting, communicating, volunteering, decision-making andcollaborating. The second part presents student engagement which includes academic challenge, student/faculty interactions, active and collaborative learning, enriching educational experiences and supportive educational experiences. Parental Involvement Increased involvement of parents and families often cited as one of the most important ways to improve public schools. A variety of studies confirm that parent involvement makes an enormous impact on students’ attitude, attendance, and academic achievement (Anderson Minke, 2007). Although some working and single parents may be unable to contribute to schools because of work commitments and time constraints (Bauch, 2011; Castro et al. , 2012; Xu, 2012), educators are discovering many additional ways that parents can help students and their schools (Edwards Alldred, 2008). To effect change, parents must find time to participate in their children’s education (Votruba-Drzal et al. , 2012) while schools must provide the supports necessary for them to involved (Weis, 2010). Children whose parents are involved generally have higher grades and test scores (Mc Groder, 2010) as well as more positive attitudes and behaviors (Xu, 2012). And schools benefit from parental involvement in that there are long-term improvements in academic achievement, more successful school programs and more effective schools (Weis, 2010; Castro et al.  , 2012). Some researchers examined the effects ofparents involvement on school engagement. (Votruba-Drzal et al. , 2012) found that parents behavioral involvement enhances students because it fosters students motivation and engagement in school. Though many studies have identified a relationship between adolescents family experiences and their levels of engagement, these studies have most generally concentrated on demographic characteristics of the family, such as its socioeconomic status (Xu, 2012; Votruba-Drzal et al. , 2012). For instance, (Edwards Alldred, 2008) found that students whose families had a higher SES showed higher levels of school engagement, where engagement was measured by how muchstudents liked school and how much time they spent on homework. While McGroder (2008), Hill and Craft (2009) and Hill and Taylor (2010) found students performance was enhanced by behavioral and emotional engagement of students and was related to strong parent-student relationship, they ignored the links between parent-student relationship and students school engagement(Xu, 2012; Castro et al.   , 2012). Paquibot (2011) expanded upon the traditional kinds of involvement by identifying six types of involvement in schools such as parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, and collaborating with the community. The following indicators were taken from the revision of Mayne’ 2011,based from Epstein six types of parental involvement (Phi Delta Kappa Center for Evaluation, Develop ment and Reasearch) Epstein,J. L. , Simon,B. S. , and Salinas, K. C. (1997). Involving parents in homework in the middle class. Parenting. Research strongly supports the benefits of having parents involved in their child’s education (Votruba-Drzal et al. , 2012). Weis, (2010) states that research also indicates that parents who are involved in their child’s academic life have a profound effect on the child’s ability to learn and help instill in them an appreciation for learning that can last a lifetime. Parenting can be better manifested when parents make themselves available during the difficult times of their students. This difficulty can be academic (Castro et al. , 2012), personal (Edwards Alldred, 2008; Coolahan et al.  , 2009) or other school-related problems (Hill Craft, 2007; Hill Taylor, 2008). In addition, parenting is better felt when there is constant communication between the teacher and the parents (Weis, 2010), exemplifying supportive behaviors and statements at home and before going to school (Coolahan et al. , 2009; Hamre Pianta, 2007) and being helpful in answering childrenâ €™s assignments or projects (Castro et al. , 2012; Mc Groder, 2008). These parenting types have been linked theoretically and empirically to children’s social and emotional outcomes. (Xu, 2012; Hamre Pianta, 2007) found that school children whose parents demonstrated authoritative parenting behaviors exhibited self-motivation in preschool and positive adjustment upon their entrance into elementary school. Conversely, children of authoritarian parents demonstrated inhibited participation and lacked initiative (Mc Groder, 2008; Coolahan et al. , 2009). Permissively-parented children exhibited lower levels of self-reliance (Edwards Alldred, 2008) and achievement motivation (Hill Craft, 2007; Hill Taylor, 2008). With respect to the indifferent/uninvolved parenting style, Castro et al. , (2012) proposed that parenting sometimes yields the poorest outcomes among children. However, research on this construct is limited and has tended to focus on adolescent developmental outcomes (Xu, 2012; Weis, 2010; Coolahan et al. , 2009). Recent empirical research, most of which has focused on minority and lower socio-economic status families, has supported the claim that reasonable parenting style is the most developmentally appropriate and supportive parenting style (Votruba-Drzal et al. , 2012; Hamre Pianta, 2007). It is generally believed that authoritative parenting encompasses an optimal mix of both warmth and control such that children receive consistent messages not only about the expectations that their parents have for them but also the support and responsiveness they need in order to meet these expectations (Leyendecker et al. , 2010; Castro et al. , 2012). This style of parenting is thought to promote social competence in preschool because it facilitates children’s early development of problem-solving and self-regulation skills necessary for social success (Edwards Alldred, 2008; McGroder, 2008; Coolahan et al.  , 2009). Communicating. Halgunseth et al. , (2009) and Lambert, Abbott-Shim and Sibley (2013) argued that a healthy communication between teachers and parents and their children would lead to the establishment of mutual trust, expressed shared goal of the best interest of the child, the creation of a vehicle for open communication (Weis, 2010; Hamre Pianta, 2007; Harr is Goodall, 2008), and the clarification of an attitude of collaboration and problem solving rather than blaming (Castro et al. , 2012; Lambert et al. , 2013).

Acheulean Tradition

Acheulean Tradition The Acheulean (sometimes spelled Acheulian) is a stone tool techno-complex that emerged in East Africa during the Lower Paleolithic about 1.76 million years ago (abbreviated mya), and persisted until 300,000-200,000 years ago (300-200 ka), although in some places it continued as recently as 100 ka. The humans who produced the Acheulean stone tool industry were members of the species Homo erectus and H. heidelbergensis. During this period, Homo erectus left Africa through the Levantine Corridor and traveled into Eurasia and eventually Asia and Europe, bringing the technology with them. The Acheulean was preceded by the Oldowan in Africa and parts of Eurasia, and it was followed by the Mousterian Middle Paleolithic in western Eurasia and the Middle Stone Age in Africa. The Acheulean was named after the Acheul site, a Lower Paleolithic site on the Somme River in France. Acheul was discovered in the mid-19th century. Stone Tool Technology The defining artifact for the Acheulean tradition is the Acheulean handaxe, but the toolkit also included other formal and informal tools. Those tools included flakes, flake tools and cores; elongated tools (or bifaces) such as cleavers and picks (sometimes called trihedrals for their triangular cross-sections); and spheroids or bolas, roughly rounded sedimentary limestone rocks used as a percussion tool. Other percussion devices on Acheulean sites are hammerstones and anvils. Acheulean tools demonstrate a significant technological advance over the earlier Oldowan; an advance thought to parallel a cognitive and adaptive increase in brain power. The Acheulean tradition is broadly correlated with the emergence of H. erectus, although the dating for this event is /- 200,000 years, so the association of the evolution of  H. erectus with the Acheulean toolkit is a bit of a controversy. Besides flint-knapping, the Acheulean hominin was cracking nuts, working wood, and butchering carcasses with these tools. She had the ability to purposely create large flakes (10 centimeters [4 inches] in length), and reproduce standard tool shapes. Timing of the Acheulean Pioneer paleontologist Mary Leakey established the Acheuleans position in time at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, where she found Acheulean tools stratified above the older Oldowan. Since those discoveries, hundreds of thousands of Acheulean handaxes have been found throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia, spanning several million square kilometers, in multiple ecological regions, and accounting for at least one hundred thousand generations of people. The Acheulean is the oldest and longest-lasting stone tool technology in the worlds history, accounting for more than half of all recorded tool-making. Scholars have identified technological improvements along the way, and although they agree that there were changes and developments during this huge chunk of time, there are no widely-accepted names for the periods of technology change, except in the Levant. Further, since the technology is so wide-spread, local and regional changes occurred differently at different times. Chronology The following is compiled from several different sources: see the bibliography below for further information. 1.76-1.6 mya: Early Acheulean. Sites: Gona (1.6 mya), Kokiselei (1.75), Konso (1.75), FLK West, Koobi Fora, West Turkana, Sterkfontein, Bouri, all in eastern or southern Africa. Tool assemblages are dominated by large picks and thick bifaces/unifaces made on large flake blanks.1.6-1.2 mya: Sterkfontein, Konso Gardula; refinement of handaxe shape begins, advanced shaping of handaxes seen at Konso, Melka Kunture Gombore II by 850 ka.1.5 mya outside Africa: Ubeidiya in the Jordan Rift Valley of Israel, bifacial tools, including picks and handaxes, which account for over 20% of the tools. Additional tools are chopping tools, choppers and flake tools but no cleavers. Raw source material varies by tool: bifacial tools on basalt, chopping tools and flake tools on flint; spheroids in limestone1.5-1.4 in Africa: Peninj, Olduvai, Gadeb Garba. Massive production of large, shaped tools, high-quality raw materials, flake blanks, cleavers1.0 mya-700 ka: known as Large Flake Acheulian in some place s: Gesher Benot Yaaqov (780-660 ka Israel); Atapuerca, Baranc de la Boella (1 mya), Porto Maior, El Sotillo (all in Spain); Ternifine (Morocco). Numerous bifacial tools, handaxes, and cleavers make up the site assemblages; large flakes (exceeding 10 cm in maximal dimension) were used to produce handaxes. Basalt was the  preferred source for cutting materials, and true flake cleavers were the most common tool. 700-250 ka: Late Acheulean: Venosa Notarchirico (700-600 ka, Italy); La Noira (France, 700,000), Caune de lArago (690-90 ka, France), Pakefield (UK 700 ka), Boxgrove (UK, 500 ka). There are hundreds of sites dated to the Late Acheulean with many thousands of handaxes, found in harsh deserts to Mediterranean landscapes, and some of the sites have hundreds or thousands of handaxes. Cleavers are almost absent and large flake production no longer used as a primary technology for handaxes, which are at the end made with early Levallois techniquesMousterian: replaced all LP industries beginning around 250,000, widely associated with Neanderthals and later with the spread of Early Modern Humans. Sources Alperson-Afil, Nira. Scarce but Significant: The Limestone Component of the Acheulean Site of Gesher Benot Yaaqov, Israel. The Nature of Culture, Naama Goren-Inbar, SpringerLink, January 20, 2016. Beyene Y, Katoh S, WoldeGabriel G, Hart WK, Uto K, Sudo M, Kondo M, Hyodo M, Renne PR, Suwa G et al. 2013. The characteristics and chronology of the earliest Acheulean at Konso, Ethiopia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(5):1584-1591. Corbey R, Jagich A, Vaesen K, and Collard M. 2016. The Acheulean handaxe: More like a birds song than a Beatles tune? Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 25(1):6-19. Diez-Martà ­n F, Snchez Yustos P, Uribelarrea D, Baquedano E, Mark DF, Mabulla A, Fraile C, Duque J, Dà ­az I, Pà ©rez-Gonzlez A et al. 2015. The Origin of The Acheulean: The 1.7 Million-Year-Old Site of FLK West, Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). Scientific Reports 5:17839. Gallotti R. 2016. The East African origin of the Western European Acheulean technology: Fact or paradigm? Quaternary International 411, Part B:9-24. Gowlett JAJ. 2015. Variability in an early hominin percussive tradition: the Acheulean versus cultural variation in modern chimpanzee artefacts. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370(1682). Moncel M-H, Desprià ©e J, Voinchet P, Tissoux H, Moreno D, Bahain J-J, Courcimault G, and Falguà ¨res C. 2013. Early Evidence of Acheulean Settlement in Northwestern Europe - La Noira Site, a 700 000 Year-Old Occupation in the Center of France. PLOS ONE 8(11):e75529. Santonja M, and Pà ©rez-Gonzlez A. 2010. Mid-Pleistocene Acheulean industrial complex in the Iberian Peninsula. Quaternary International 223–224:154-161. Sharon G, and Barsky D. 2016. The emergence of the Acheulian in Europe – A look from the east. Quaternary International 411, Part B:25-33. Torre, Ignacio de la. The Transition to the Acheulean in East Africa: an Assessment of Paradigms and Evidence from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Rafael Mora, Volume 21, Issue 4, May 2, 2013.

Prop, Props, and Props To

Prop, Props, and Props To Prop, Props, and Props To Prop, Props, and Props To By Maeve Maddox Facebook postings often educate me in current usage. A recent discovery comes from this comment about a television show called Shark Tank: Georges’ caring nature steals the show and the hearts of the judges.   It goes to show that character can never be undervalued or underestimated†¦Props to Paul Mitchell cofounder John Paul DeJoria for recognizing that. I was familiar with props as a shortening of several different English words, but this usage left me bewildered. NOTE: This post is for readers who, like me, have managed to remain ignorant of the expression â€Å"props to† until now. It is also for ESL learners who may not be familiar with other uses of prop. First of all, the word prop exists as a complete word in its own right, both as a noun and as a verb. The noun came first: prop noun: A stick, rod, pole, stake, or beam used as a temporary support or to keep something in position; in extended use, anything that serves to support something or keep it in place. A fruit-laden plant may need a wooden prop to hold its branches off the ground. Shakespeare used prop in its figurative sense in The Merchant of Venice. When the character Gobbo is told that his son is dead, the old man exclaims, â€Å"Oh no, God forbid! the boy was the staff of my old age, my prop!† From the noun came the verb: prop verb: To support or keep from falling by or as if by a prop; to keep in position with a prop, or with something used as a prop. A gardening site advises, â€Å"Learn to prop up your plants before they flop.† An op-ed writer asserts, â€Å"Government should not prop up greyhound racing.† The verb is often used with the particle up, but not always: â€Å"1 Billion IMF Loan Props British Pound.† The clipped form prop is used to represent different words. Proposition In the context of political writing, a proposed law, called a proposition, is often referred to as â€Å"a Prop†: â€Å"Opponents argue that Prop 47 will put thousands of criminals back on our streets without first ensuring they have been rehabilitated.† â€Å"Proposition betting† is a wagering term. A â€Å"prop bet† is placed on some contingency related to the game but it has nothing to do with which side wins or loses. Here are some prop bets that were made on the Super Bowl XLIX: Will Idina Menzel forget or omit at least one word of the official US national anthem? What will Katy Perry be wearing when she begins the halftime show? What color will Bill Belichick’s hoodie be? Proprietor An old-fashioned way to display the name of a shop owner on a sign or business card was to precede or follow the name with the abbreviation Prop. for proprietor: â€Å"H. W. Jones, Prop.† The abbreviation came to be used as a word to mean owner, as in â€Å"Who is the prop of this establishment?† Proprietary This is a Wall Street idiom. When a trader uses the firm’s own money to trade for currencies and commodities- as opposed to using depositors’ money- the operation is called â€Å"proprietary trading.† The term is often shortened to â€Å"prop trading† and the agent who does it is a â€Å"prop trader.† Here’s a recent headline from Business Insider: â€Å"A Prop Trader Explains His Work, His Salary, And Why Everyone Is Wrong About His Profession.† Propeller The word propeller to mean a device for propelling a machine dates from the 18th century, but the shortening prop for propeller dates to World War I when pilots started referring to airplane propellers as props. Nowadays, the word is more frequently used attributively to describe a certain kind of plane: â€Å"Angelina Jolie is well known for her love of aviation. And the mother-of-six indulged in her favourite pastime on Friday with a trip in the pilot seat of a small prop plane.† Property In the context of putting on a play, a prop is â€Å"an object used in a performance. Prop and props in the context of theater derives from property and properties. A prop usually seen in a performance of Macbeth is a cauldron. By extension, a prop can be any kind of accessory, as in this example from the OED: â€Å"Interspersedwere the other props of a traditional Jewish homea Purim megillah.† The props in the expression â€Å"props to† differs from all of these shortenings in that it telescopes a phrase: proper respects. In the quotation that introduced me to this expression, â€Å"Props to Paul Mitchell† means is â€Å"Congratulations to Paul Mitchell,† or â€Å"Good for Paul Mitchell.† The use of props in the sense of â€Å"due respect† appears suddenly on the Ngram Viewer in 1992 and shoots upward in a vertical line on the graph. The OED labels this use of props as slang, â€Å"originally in African-American usage,† and provides a citation from 1990: â€Å"I was one of the first female rappers, but Ive always gotten my props.†- Chicago Tribune Merriam-Webster defines props as â€Å"something that is said to publicly thank and give special attention to someone for doing something; credit or recognition.† Although props in the sense of recognition seems to have moved up from slang to colloquial, it is still not considered to be standard. In time, however, it may replace worn-out kudos. Related posts Word Clipping Kudo vs Kudos Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of Language50 Types of PropagandaA "Diploma" is not a "Degree"

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 113

Essay Example It is not very easy to work with international students as they usually do not know the language well, so it is not very easy to communicate with them and it is very difficult to teach them. The instructors do their best to give students the time and knowledge they need to succeed. Also there is a laboratory available for students to improve phonetics and phonology of the English language. It is really helpful in language learning. As it was mentioned above, the program lacks focusing on the skills of writing and reading. It is important to organize book clubs and group reading with international students so they have more practice in reading and analyzing the text. It is important to spend more time reading and writing in order to improve the language skills. Many students face serious problems in writing in English, so writing practice is also very important. Learning more English will help students face fewer problems with the academic life. It will be easier for them to study. What is also important for the program is the need to focus on the developing close interaction with the student and work hard to build the students’ language and their ability to adapt to this environment. Also it is necessary to focus on mixing the international student with the American students to catch up informal language and to have the experience they should have. The essential thing to mention is that the program should provide the students with the classes depending on the development of the student and his needs. The last thing that must be mentioned is that in every program there are good sides and bad sides. Ashland University is not an exception. However, everyone should know his own needs, abilities and weaknesses and everyone should have an opportunity to gain more knowledge in the area that he considers to be his weakness. Learning how to write is not just a skill, it is a passion. Everyone can write but not everyone